[278] Further, the phrase {ta klimata tês Surias kai Kilikias} should not be understood as "the {klima} or region of Syria and the {klima} of Cilicia". {Klima} was not used to denote [279] such a great district as Syria or Cilicia; and it is unfortunate that both the Revised and Authorised Versions translate it by the same term that they used for {xôra} in Acts XIV 6, XVI 6, XVIII 23. {Xôra} is correctly used to indicate the great geographical divisions of a province (as in those cases) ; and we might speak of the {xôra} of Cilicia and the {xôra} of Syria, but not of the {klima} 1 of Cilicia. The regular usage would be {ta klimata Surias}: compare, e.g., {klimata Axaias} in 2 Cor. XI 10: four small districts in the west of Cilicia Tracheia were called {ta klimata}: 2 Sinope and Amisos are described as {pros tois klimasa keimenai} (Justinian, Novella 28).

It is difficult to define the precise geographical sense of the word {klima}; and, as a rule, scholars scorn to think about the exact distinction between technical terms of geography It has been suggested in the writer's Historical Geography of Asia Minor, p.417, that the term should be taken in the sense of "lands sloping back from the sea when applied to Sinope, Arnisos, and the four Cilician districts. In other places, however, it seems to have a vaguer sense, merely as "territory," though possibly there may be in some of these cases the idea of "frontier territories ". 3 In the Acta Theodori Syceotae 4 the {klima tês Muêzivês} evidently denotes the territory belonging to the city of Mnezos, which proves that {klima} denoted a com- [280] paratively small geographical division : in that passage the sense of "frontier district" is quite conceivable, as a village on the upper Siberis near the Paphlagonian frontier is there said to be {uto to klima tês Muêzinês} "classed under the district whose governing centre is Mnêzos".

FOOTNOTES:

1 In other words, Roman Cilicia in its entirety was a territory or region ({xôra}) of the province Syria-Cilicia, just as Galatic Phrygia, Galatic Lycaonia, etc., were territories or regions composing the Province Galatia. In Cilicia there were many {klimata}.

2 Histor. Geogr., P.417, and table facing p.362.

3 Dr. Gifford sends the illustrative quotation {tôn men pros phoinikên keklimenôn merôn kai tôn epi thalattê topên}, Diodorus, I 17.

4 Greek text in Joannes Theophili, {Mnêmeia Agiologika} p.394.